Guanxilization or categorization: psychological mechanisms contributing to the formation of the Chinese concept of “us”

中国社会心理学在面对急速的社会变迁中，需要以变迁与文化的视角来选择研究 问题，而中国社会文化中群己关系的社会心理机制，即“我们”概念的形成机制及其 转换的可能与条件，正是一个体现着双重视角的基本问题。对这一问题的探讨不仅有 助于解释社会凝聚力、群体行动的逻辑，讨论国家与个人、社会与个人、类别与个人 的关系；也有助于培植社会转型时期的社会心理资源和社会支持系统，从而促进社会 合作。与以往单一机制的分析框架不同，通过对两个个案的讨论，研究提出了一个 新的分析框架，即：中国人“我们”概念是在社会情境的启动和价值取向等因素影响之 下，经由相互交织的“关系化”与“类别化”双重过程形成的。

关键词: “我们”?概念?群己关系?关系?关系化?类别化

Faced with rapid social transformation, the discipline of social psychology in China needs to choose its research topics from the perspective of both change and culture. A basic issue reflecting precisely these two perspectives is that of the formation of the social psychology mechanism of individual‐group relations, namely the formation of the concept of “us” in Chinese society and culture, as well as the possibility and conditions for the transformation of this mechanism. Exploring this issue will not only help us to understand social cohesion and the logic of group behavior and to discuss the relationship between the state and the individual, society and the individual, and the category and the individual; it will also help cultivate social psychology resources and support systems at a time of social transition, and thus promote social cooperation.. Unlike previous analytical studies that focused on a unitary mechanism, this study uses the discussion of two cases to put forward a new framework for analysis: that is, the Chinese concept of “us” comes into being through the mingling of “guanxilization” and “categorization” under the influence of social context priming, value orientation and other factors.     

The Micro-Formation Mechanism of Trade Conflicts between Large Developing Countries: India’s Anti-dumping Action against China

Abstract

Employing Grossman and Helpman’s “protection for sale” model, this article uses data on anti-dumping actions from 1999 to 2009 to perform a quantitative analysis of factors influencing India’s determinations of anti-dumping duties against China, and reveals the micro-formation mechanism of economic conflicts between China and India. We find that the political power of India’s anti-dumping plaintiffs markedly increases the tariff level of its final determinations and that the relationship between the import penetration ratio and duty rates depends upon whether the plaintiffs are politically organized. Further, there is a significant positive correlation between India’s anti-dumping duty rates and its unfavorable trade balance with China. This indicates that in determining anti-dumping duties, Indian authorities are clearly influenced by the political clout of their domestic interest groups. They are also motivated by the desire to keep down China and gain the upper hand in the face-off between the “dragon and the elephant.”     

鄞县鲍家、郁家与初创时的商务印书馆

成立于1897年的商务印书馆,是中国历史最悠久的现代出版机构。为促进民族觉醒、提高国民素质、繁荣学术文化、推动社会进步,做出了积极贡献。鄞县鲍氏和郁氏家族在商务印书馆的创办过程中出力甚多,在7位创办发起人中,鄞县鲍氏和郁氏家族占5位,即鲍咸恩、鲍咸昌（郁厚坤姐夫）、郁厚坤和鲍咸昌的2位妹夫夏瑞芳、张桂华,他们为该馆的创立和发展做出许多重要贡献。     

The “Aging Males’ Symptoms” Scale (AMS): predictive value for lowered circulating androgens

Background: Symptoms of the “male climacteric” are often at least in part referred to an age-dependent decline of serum androgen levels. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship of climacteric symptoms as assessed by the “Aging Males’ Symptoms” (AMS) Questionnaire with circulating androgen levels. Methods: 146 ambulatory men (age, 27–85 years) were surveyed with the AMS Questionnaire and sampled for serum values of total testosterone (tT) and sexual hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Free testosterone (fT) was calculated from tT and SHBG. A total AMS score ≥37 was considered pathological; the lower limits for tT and fT were set to 8 nmol/l and 180 pmol/l, respectively. Results: A significant deficit in tT and fT was shown in 25 (17.1%) and 34 (24.5%) men, respectively; the AMS Questionnaire showed pathological results for 66 (45.2%) men. In predicting a tT deficit, the AMS Questionnaire rendered a sensitivity of 76% and a specificity of 61.6%, only. However, multiple regression analysis revealed a significant correlation of lowered tT with a pathological somatovegetative and psychological AMS subscore (p = 0.042 and p = 0.01) and a correlation of lowered fT with a pathological sexual subscore (p = 0.039). Conclusion: In predicting hypogonadism the AMS Questionnaire in total did not render a sufficient diagnostic efficiency.     

Planning for the 1950 Censuses of Population and Agriculture

The change from the z of “Student's” 1908 paper to the t of present day statistical theory and practice is traced and documented. It is shown that the change was brought about by the extension of “Student's” approach, by R.A. Fisher, to a broader class of problems, in response to a direct appeal from “Student” for a solution to one of these problems.     

略论元诗“宗唐得古”说的理论可能——以语义学分析为线索

“宗唐得古”是元诗的基本特征之一,但这种后来的归纳与认定却被过度引申.客观史料和语义学的分析证明:元诗“宗唐得古”说的理论引申必须得到限制,它只能在“陈述”与“总结”的基础上被理解;元诗的理论口号与实践间存在巨大差异,由口号上的“宗唐”得出元诗“反宋”的引申并不能成立;元代诗风的建立在很大程度上也是一个官方“雅正”诗风建立的过程,元人自身的陈述既剖明又遮蔽了历史.     

李渔生活审美研究综述——以《闲情偶寄》为考察对象

从整体上看,李渔研究包括李渔生平思想和李渔作品,已经非常全面深入。但是李渔美学研究,尤其是李渔生活审美研究还需深入。李渔美学研究突出了戏剧美学,而忽略了生活审美。在李渔生活审美研究中还存在概念把握不准、重复性高、较零散肤浅等问题。     

论先秦语类文献形态的演变及其文体意义

先秦时期的语类文献是在重言、记言传统的背景之下形成的."语"在性质上主要表现为它载录的是"善言";从文体形态方面来说,上古语类文献主要包含格言体、对话体、事语体这些类型.由于这些文体形式是历时性生成的,这就意味着有一个演变的过程.大体而言.先秦语类文献形态主要是沿着两条路向演进的:一是格言体内部的散见之"言"向结集之"言"的转变,一是对话体向事语体的演变.     

韩愈曾经注《荀子》

唐代杨倞所著《荀子注》,征引了＂韩侍郎＂的一些观点,此＂韩侍郎＂即韩愈。韩愈的注文有得有失。荀子和韩愈在人性论的立论方式方面有相同之处。